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How Trademark Registration Works – Watch Our Expert Process

Wondering how to register a trademark? This short video shows how our experts handle everything—from checking name availability and filing the application to tracking approvals. With fast processing, accurate paperwork, and full legal support, we make trademark registration simple and stress-free.

Have questions? Our trademark specialists are ready to help.

What is Trademark Registration?

Trademark registration is the official process of securing legal protection for your brand under Indian law. It not only helps you safeguard your business or product name (commonly called brand registration) but also protects your logo, tagline, and other visual elements (often referred to as logo registration). This ensures that no one else can use your brand identity without permission, giving you exclusive rights over your intellectual property.

According to the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), India has over 2.8 million active trademarks, with nearly 200,000 new applications filed each year. This sharp rise shows that more and more businesses in India are recognizing the importance of protecting their brand identity in today’s competitive and expanding economy.

What Do TM, ®, and © Symbols Mean?

These symbols mean the following:

  • ™ (TM): Stands for Trademark. You can use this symbol as soon as you apply for a trademark to indicate that the brand is under protection. It doesn’t require formal registration.
  • ® (R): Stands for Registered Trademark. You can use this only after your trademark is officially registered with the Trademark Registry. It signifies legal ownership and exclusive rights.
  • © (C): Represents Copyright. This is used to protect original creative works like books, music, artwork, or software—not brand names or logos.

Types of Trademark Registration in India

Trademark registration in India encompasses several categories, each designed to protect different aspects of intellectual property:

Objectives of Trademark Registration

The primary objective of trademark registration, whether you’re focused on overall brand registration or specific logo registration, is to establish exclusive rights over your distinctive brand elements in the marketplace.

  • Legal Protection: Obtain exclusive rights to use the mark in connection with specific goods and services.
  • Brand Value Creation: Establish and enhance brand equity through legal recognition and protection.
  • Consumer Protection: Help consumers identify authentic products and services from trusted sources.
  • Infringement Prevention: Gain legal grounds to take action against unauthorized use of similar marks.
  • Business Asset Development: Create intellectual property assets that contribute to company valuation.
  • Licensing Opportunities: Establish a legal basis for licensing the mark to others for royalty income.
  • Territorial Expansion: Secure protection in specific geographical areas and create a basis for international expansion.
  • Competitive Advantage: Differentiate products and services from competitors in the marketplace.

Legal Acts and Regulations for Trademark Registration

Trademark registration in India is governed by comprehensive legislation and rules that establish the framework for protecting distinctive marks in commerce.

Characteristics of Trademark Registration

Trademark registration has several distinctive characteristics that define its legal protection and commercial benefits:

1. Exclusive Territorial Rights

Registration grants exclusive rights to use the mark within Indian territory.

  • Provides nationwide protection across all states and union territories.
  • Creates a legal monopoly over the mark with specified goods/services.

2. Time-Bound Protection

Trademark registration protects for fixed periods with renewal options.

  • Initial registration validity is for 10 years from the application date.
  • Indefinite protection is possible through successive renewals every 10 years.

3. Use Requirement Flexibility

India’s trademark system accommodates both current and future commercial use.

  • Initial registration validity is for 10 years from the application date.
  • Indefinite protection is possible through successive renewals every 10 years.

4. Classification-Based Protection

The protection scope is determined by the specified classes of goods and services.

  • Registration protects the mark only within the specific classes applied for.
  • Multi-class applications are permitted to cover diverse business activities.

5. Public Notice Function

Registration serves as public notification of trademark ownership claims.

  • Registered marks appear in the official trademark database.
  • The ® symbol can be used to indicate registered status.

6. Transferable Property Rights

Registered trademarks constitute intangible assets that can be transferred.

  • Marks can be assigned, licensed, franchised, or used as security for loans.
  • These transactions must be recorded with the trademark registry.

7. Infringement Remedies

Registration provides robust legal remedies against unauthorized use.

  • Registered trademark owners can seek injunctions, damages, and an account of profits.
  • Criminal remedies are available for counterfeiting registered marks.

8. Incontestability Factor

Long-standing registrations gain stronger legal status over time.

  • After seven years, registration becomes prima facie evidence of validity.
  • This strengthens the mark against certain types of challenges.

Why Should You Register a Trademark?

Securing a trademark for your business, which includes crucial aspects like brand registration (for your name) and logo registration (for your visual identity), offers numerous benefits of trademark registration that enhance brand protection and overall business value:

Eligibility Criteria for Trademark Registration

Eligibility for trademark registration depends on several critical factors. These determine if a mark qualifies for legal protection under Indian trademark law.

  1. Distinctive Character Requirement — The mark must be capable of distinguishing the goods/services of one undertaking from those of others, avoiding generic or merely descriptive terms.
  2. Graphic Representation Capability — The mark must be capable of being represented graphically in a clear, precise manner that enables proper examination.
  3. Legal Use in Commerce — The mark must be used or intended to be used in legal commerce in connection with specified goods or services.
  4. Non-Deceptive Nature — The mark should not be deceptive or confuse the nature, quality, or geographical origin of the goods/services.
  5. Non-Prohibited Elements — The mark should not contain prohibited elements like national emblems, flags, or symbols notified under the Emblems and Names Act.
  6. Legal Entity Status — Applicants must be legal entities (individuals, companies, partnerships, trusts, etc.) capable of owning property.
  7. Territorial Applicability — For registration in India, the mark must be used or proposed to be used within Indian territory.
  8. Non-Generic Terminology — The mark cannot consist solely of generic terms that are commonly used in the relevant trade or industry.

Meeting these requirements is essential for successful trademark registration and ensuring your mark receives proper legal protection in the marketplace.

Documents Required for Trademark Registration

Proper documentation is crucial for a smooth trademark registration process, with several key documents required to complete your application:

Choosing the Correct Trademark Class

Selecting the correct trademark class is essential, as it determines the category of goods or services your brand will be legally protected under.

Trademark Class Category Examples
Class 1 Chemicals Industrial chemicals, adhesives, fertilizers
Class 3 Cosmetics & Cleaning Products Soaps, perfumes, shampoos, toothpaste
Class 5 Pharmaceuticals Medicines, health supplements, disinfectants
Class 7 Machinery Engines, agricultural machines, and machine tools
Class 9 Electronics & Software Computers, mobile apps, and scientific instruments
Class 16 Paper Goods & Stationery Notebooks, printed materials, office supplies
Class 25 Clothing & Apparel Shirts, shoes, jackets, belts
Class 30 Food Products Coffee, tea, sugar, spices, bakery products
Class 35 Advertising & Business Services Marketing, consultancy, e-commerce, retail services
Class 41 Education & Entertainment Services Online courses, coaching, and event management
Class 42 Technology & IT Services Software development, tech consulting, hosting services
Class 43 Hospitality & Food Services Hotels, restaurants, and catering services

How to Register a Trademark in India?

Registering a trademark in India involves several steps governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999, ensuring legal protection for your brand name, logo, tagline, product packaging, sound mark, or any other distinctive sign. Here’s a detailed breakdown:

Fees for Trademark Registration in India

Understanding the financial aspects and potential costs associated with trademark registration is essential for businesses planning to protect their brand identity.

Registration Charges

Trademark registration costs in India involve various official trademark registration fees and professional service charges.

  • Official Filing Fees: Rs. 4,500 for individuals/startups/small enterprises and Rs. 9,000 for others per class (online filing).
  • Physical Filing Surcharge: Additional Rs. 1,000 if filing physical applications instead of online.
  • Expedited Examination Fees: Rs. 20,000 for individuals/startups/small enterprises and Rs. 40,000 for others per class.
  • Hearing Attendance Fees: Rs. 1,000- Rs. 5,000 if personal appearances are required during objections.
  • Professional Service Fees: Rs. 5,000- Rs. 25,000 for trademark attorneys or consultants handling the registration process.
  • Search and Consultation Fees: Rs. 2,000- Rs. 5,000 for comprehensive trademark availability searches.
  • Response to Examination Report: Rs. 3,000- Rs. 10,000 for professional assistance with responding to objections.

Additional Compliance Costs

Maintaining trademark rights also involves ongoing compliance costs and potential expenses.

  • Renewal Fees: Rs. 9,000 for individuals/startups/small enterprises and Rs. 18,000 for others per class every 10 years.
  • Restoration Fees: Rs. 5,000 plus renewal fees if the renewal deadline is missed (within 6 months).
  • Assignment Recording: Rs. 9,000 for individuals/startups/small enterprises and Rs. 18,000 for others per mark.
  • Change of Name/Address: Rs. 900 for individuals/startups/small enterprises and Rs. 1,800 for others.
  • Opposition Defense Costs: Rs. 15,000- Rs. 50,000 for responding to oppositions filed against your application.
  • Enforcement Expenses: Legal costs starting from Rs. 50,000 for taking action against infringers.
  • Recordal of Licenses: Rs. 6,000 for individuals/startups/small enterprises and Rs. 12,000 for others when licensing the mark.

What Happens After Trademark Registration?

Once your trademark is successfully registered and you receive the certificate, there are important post-registration steps to follow to maintain and enforce your trademark rights.

Step 1: Start Using the ® Symbol

  • It signals that your brand is officially protected under Indian law.
  • Using the ® symbol helps deter potential infringers.
  • Avoid using it before registration, as it may lead to penalties.

Step 2: Monitor for Infringement

Regularly watch the market and trademark journals for possible misuse or similar trademarks.

  • Keep an eye out for unauthorized use of your mark.
  • Use online tools or legal services to track trademark filings and market use.
  • Take prompt legal action if infringement is found, through opposition, cease-and-desist notices, or litigation.

Step 3: Maintain Proper Usage

Consistently use your trademark the way it was registered, to keep your rights active.

  • Avoid major changes in spelling, design, or representation without applying for a new trademark.
  • Use the trademark in business materials—like packaging, advertising, and invoices.

Step 4: Renew the Trademark Timely

Trademark protection is valid for 10 years and must be renewed to remain in force.

  • Apply for renewal before expiry, or within the grace period (6 months after expiry).
  • File Form TM-R for renewal with applicable government fees.
  • If not renewed, the trademark may be removed from the register.

Step 5: Record Trademark Licensing or Assignment

If you license your brand to someone or transfer ownership, record it officially with the Trademark Registry.

  • Submit appropriate forms like TM-P (for licensing) or TM-A/TM-M (for assignments).
  • This ensures legal recognition of the licensee or new owner.

Step 6: Enforce Your Rights When Needed

Use legal tools to protect your trademark against infringement or misuse.

  • Send legal notices to infringers.
  • File for damages or injunction in civil court if required.
  • Take part in proceedings like trademark rectification if others misuse or wrongly register a similar mark.

Trademark Registration Certificate

A Trademark Registration Certificate is an official document issued by the government that grants legal protection to your brand name, logo, or slogan. It serves as proof of your exclusive rights to use the trademark in connection with your goods or services.

This certificate helps prevent unauthorized use or infringement by others and strengthens your brand’s identity in the market. Holding a trademark registration certificate also boosts your business credibility and can be a valuable asset for expansion or licensing opportunities.

How to Download a Trademark Registration Certificate?

  • Visit the official IP India Trademark Portal: ipindia.gov.in.
  • Click on the “Related Links” tab and select “E-Registration Certificate.”
  • Enter your Trademark Application Number.
  • Verify the details displayed on the screen.
  • Click on the “View Certificate” or “Download PDF” option.
  • Save the certificate for future use.

How to Check Trademark Application Status?

  • Go to the Trademark Application/Registration Status page on ipindiaonline.gov.in
  • Enter your Application Number in the provided field
  • Click “View” to see the current status (e.g., “Send to Vienna Codification”, “Advertised”, “Registered”, etc.)
  • Review any alerts or actions required (such as objection replies or hearings)
  • Track updates until you see the status as “Registered”.

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Why Choose RegisterKaro for the
Trademark Registration Service?

Here’s why we are the trusted choice for trademark registration services:

  • Our specialized intellectual property experts have extensive experience in handling all facets of trademark registration, from comprehensive brand registration strategies to precise logo registration, across various industries.
  • We provide step-by-step guidance through the entire trademark registration process, from comprehensive search to final certification.
  • Our team combines legal expertise with business insight to ensure your brand receives optimum protection with the right classification strategy.
  • We offer transparent pricing with no hidden trademark registration fees, ensuring you know exactly what you’re paying for.
  • Our experts handle all documentation preparation, submission procedures, and follow-ups, minimizing your administrative burden.

Frequently Asked Questions.

Any person, individual, company, or legal entity that claims to be the proprietor of a trademark can apply. This includes joint owners and partnerships.
Types include product trademarks, service trademarks, collective trademarks, certification trademarks, and well-known trademarks. Sound marks and scent marks are also registrable under certain conditions.
A trademark registration is valid for 10 years from the date of application. It can be renewed indefinitely for subsequent 10-year periods.
No, “brand registration” and “logo registration” are commonly used terms that refer to the process of trademark registration. Trademark registration legally protects your brand name, logo, or other distinguishing marks.
A trademark identifies goods or services of a particular source, while a trade name (or business name) identifies a business entity itself. A trade name can also function as a trademark if used to distinguish goods or services.
You choose the correct trademark class based on the specific goods or services your brand represents, as categorized under the Nice Classification system. It’s crucial for accurate protection.
In trademark law, a brand name is a word, phrase, or combination thereof used to identify and distinguish the source of goods or services from those of others. It acts as an identifier for your offerings.
Yes, a brand name can be registered under multiple classes if the goods or services it represents fall into different categories. Each class requires a separate application and fee.
Generally, no, you cannot register a brand name already in use by someone else for similar goods or services, especially if it’s already registered or has prior use rights. This avoids confusion among consumers.
Yes, you can register your brand name (word mark) without a logo. The protection will then solely apply to the name itself, regardless of its graphical representation.
The standard trademark registration process typically takes 12-24 months from application to registration if there are no objections/oppositions. Through the expedited examination route, this timeline can be reduced to 6-12 months.
Yes, you can use the ™ symbol with unregistered marks to indicate trademark claims. However, only registered trademark owners can legally use the ® symbol.
The difference between the symbols is that the ™ symbol indicates an unregistered trademark claim, while the ® symbol indicates that the mark is registered with the trademark registry and enjoys statutory protection.
Yes, through the Madrid Protocol, you can file an international application based on your Indian application, protecting your mark in 128 member countries with a single application.
Yes, even after publication in the trademark journal, your mark can be opposed by third parties within a four-month window, potentially leading to rejection if the opposition succeeds.
Prior users of a mark may have common law rights even without registration. They can potentially oppose your application or continue using their mark in their established territory.
Trademark registration costs vary from Rs. 9,000 to Rs. 30,000 per class, depending on the type of applicant (individual/startup vs. company), filing method (online vs. physical), and whether professional assistance is required.
Generally, no. The Registry rejects marks that are identical or confusingly similar to existing registered or pending trademarks for similar goods/services.
Unlike some intellectual property rights, trademarks don’t require annual filings. The main compliance requirement is renewal every 10 years before the expiration date.
Trademark classes are categories of goods and services (45 in total under the Nice Classification) that define the scope of protection. Your trademark is protected only within the specific classes you register it under.
Yes, registered trademarks are transferable assets. You can assign (sell), license, or franchise your mark through proper legal documentation and registration with the trademark registry.
Yes, India has a comprehensive online trademark filing system through the IP India portal, which is generally faster and less expensive than physical filing.
Maintain your original trademark registration certificate, documents from your trademark registration application, evidence of commercial use, and renewal receipts from the trademark registry.
You can verify registration status through the official IP India website using your application number or by contacting the trademark registry directly.
Trademarks must be renewed every 10 years by filing Form TM-R along with the prescribed fees, ideally within six months before the expiration date. Late renewal with additional fees is possible within six months after expiration.
Enforcement options include sending cease and desist notices, filing civil suits for injunction and damages, and seeking to prevent the importation of infringing goods.

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